The history of computers
category: Computer Science
1995
Contents: Introduction Trends and generation of computer 1.Analogovye Computing Machines (AVM) 2.Elektronnye computing machines (computers) 3.Analogo Digital Computing Machines (ATSVM) 4.Pokoleniya computer Single series of computer Computer 1.Otlichiya III generation from the previous 2.Osobennosti machines UCS 3.Agregatny principle of building a computer 4.Interfeys, selector and multiplex channels 5.Struktura machines UCS 6.Mashinnye elements of information 7.Sistema software 8.Programmnaya compatibility 9.Zaschita memory 10.Rezhimy work UCS Microprocessors and their application 1.Effektivnost microprocessors 2.Struktura 3-megapixel main |
The use of compressed drives
category: Computer Science
In this paper briefly describes the use of so-called compressed drives, allowing more efficient use of disk space on your computer.
1. What is compressed drives Why do they need. Many users are forced to work on computers with small capacity discs, as well as to purchase a new disc from them or their organizations have no money. To fit the software and processed data on disk, you can use programs DRVSPACE (DriveSpace) or DBLSPACE (DoubleSpace), comprising the MS DOS, starting with version 6.0. In MS DOS 6.0 and 6.20 is the program DoubleSpace, in MS DOS 6.22 and later - the program DriveSpace. These programs (and other similar programs, such as Stacker) allows you to create special files, computer disks, which work the same way as with a disk, and data a |
Internet
category: Computer Science
Contents
Introduction I. Internet audience ? International audience network ? Russia Audience Network II. Commercial applications in the construction of the network Internet ? What is Internet ? Properties Network Internet ? Opportunities Internet ? Basic principles of e-commerce 1. Confidence 2. Reliability 3. electronic payments ? Looking forward III. Marketing principles for constructing virtual pages Internet ? Defining the purpose of creating Web-page. ? Defining target segment of consumers. ? Development of Web-page content. ? Design Web-page. ? Evaluating the effectiveness of Web-page. IV. E-mail - Marketing ? Lists ? |
Internet
category: Computer Science
Contents 1. The global international computer network Internet page 2 1.1. Types of connections. page 2 1.2. Access to information. page 4 1.3. Viewer. page 5 1.4. Types of services on the Internet. page 6 2. Search engines on the Internet page 10 2.1. Finding information on the Internet. p. 10 2.2. Working with major search engines. p. 11 2.3. Search headings and thematic sections page 15 List of references at page 16 International network of Internet. Internet - a global computer network, covering the whole world. Today the Internet has about 25 million subscribers in more than 175 countries. Mo |
decimal - binary adder
category: Computer Science
Introduction.
Currently, integrated circuits (ICs) are widely used in electronic equipment, computing devices, automation devices, etc. Digital broadcasting and digital devices on the integrated circuits of varying degrees of integration, including microprocessors, have broad prospects for use in digital transmission systems and distribution of information, television, broadcasting and other communication equipment. The current stage of development of scientific - technical process is characterized by extensive use of electronics and microelectronics in all spheres of human activity. It is important to the appearance and played a quick improvement of IC - the basic element base of modern electronics. With the introduction of IC significantly reduced the cost of electronic |
global network INTERNET
category: Computer Science
Introduction
Upsurge in the global information network Internet there now everywhere .. Under these circumstances, the need for information about the network Internet becomes particularly acute. At present, the Internet extends many documents relating to both the network and work in it users, and associated with different spheres of life: science, culture, economy etc. What has updated information on the Internet, extensive branched network, which includes computer components, scattered around the world, occurs practically in real time. A Brief History of Internet Initially, there were no signs that the Internet will become a public computer network [1]. Like many great ideas, "network of networks" has arisen f |
Computer Science
category: Computer Science
Part I: Design of degenerate automata.
To design the elements of TTL generator 4-digit codes, some system of notation. Ie synthesize a synchronous counter M-bit (M <16), whose input is fed a regular sequence of external clock pulses.> Each state of the counter (ie the figure given system) is retained for one full cycle. The value of numbers appears on the outputs Q3, Q2, Q1, Q0. The machine also needs to develop a synchronous transfer (in the trace. Discharge a given system), which serves as the last clock pulse in the cycle of bills. For its allocation should be formed gating "y", ie Boolean function, which is active in the last phase of the cycle. A self selection should ensure the minimum delay of the output pulse transfer. In the s |
Selecting the logical structure of the processor
category: Computer Science
TERMS OF REFERENCE.
1. Choose the logical structure of the processor (of the devices, their functions and principles of interaction), based on the principles of Computer Integrated System (general-purpose computers). 2. To substantiate the choice of technical parameters of the processor to ensure the achievement of specified Performance - Productivity P = mln.op / s): - Clock cycle T = 10-100 ns; - A series of local memory T = 10-100 ns; - Access time of main memory Tn = 100-1000 ns. 3. Develop timing diagrams and determine the duration of perform the commands for the processor. 4. Optimize the technical and economic parameters of the processor for maximize its efficiency: maximum perfo |
Review of processors and buses PVM from 386 machines
category: Computer Science
- 2 -
1. Introduction to MP 80386 firms Intel MPs hit the market with a unique advantage. It is the first 32 - bit IP, for which the adequacy of existing application software worth 6.5 billion dollars, written for earlier models of the MP 8086/88 to 80286 (clone IBM PC). They say that the systems are compatible, if the program NAMR- sledding on a single system, successfully performed on the other. If compatibility extends only in one direction, from old system to new, then talk about the compatibility of the bottom up. Compatible up at websites this level supported- Vaeth investment in end-user software security, since the new system simply replaces the slow old. 80386-compatible microprocessor |
Hard disks
category: Computer Science
Plan.
I. Trends in the development of hard drives. II. Different types of hard drives. 1) HDD. 2) Drives on CD-ROM: a) CD-ROM; b) discs CD-R; a) MULTIMEDIA. 3) Hard on the magneto-optical discs. III. The value of hard drives for development of computers today. Hard drives. The steady increase in the volume of information processed, the development and improvement of computer technology led to the emergence and development of the external memory computers. The main purpose of it is to expand substantially the amount of computer memory to store the bulk of these intermediate results, the software. The external memory in modern computers in the hundreds or thousands of times mo |
Floppy disk drives: what it is and the mode of production
category: Computer Science
Storage media
To store programs and data in personal computers using different kinds of drives, total capacity of which is usually hundreds of times greater than the capacity of memory. With respect to computer storage devices can be external and embedded (internal). External drives have their own housing and power supply, which saves space inside the computer case and reduces the load on its power supply. Embedded drives are mounted in special compartments assembly (drive bays), which allows you to create compact systems, which combine in the system block all the necessary devices. The drive can be viewed as a collection of media and the corresponding drive. There are drives with removable media and non-replaceable. Storage media is a range of storage devices with different |
Monitors
category: Computer Science
Plan
Abstract 1 Monitor as a mirror of the personal computer 2 Parameters tube Screen Size Effective Resolution Scheme create images The distance between the points and the resolution Screen coating The flatness of the screen Other characteristics of the monitor 3 Frequency characteristics of the monitor Frequency synchronization Automatic Frequency Selection The frequency band video amplifier and clock speed video Requirements for the frequency characteristics of the monitor 4 Office monitor Digital control Indication of performance Controls 5 Connecting the monitor to the computer Requirements GPU Connect the monitor and video adapter < |
PCI - bus
category: Computer Science
PCI - bus
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect bus) - bus to connect peripherals. Became widespread and applied for Pentium-systems, but used with 486 processors. Bus frequency from 20 to 33 MHz, theoretically maximum speed of 132/264 MB / s for 32/64 bit. In modern parent boards on the PCI bus frequency is defined as 1 / 2 the input frequency of the processor, ie when frequency of 66 MHz in PCI will be 33 MHz, at 75 MHz - 37.5 MHz. Has the version with Power 5V, 3.3V and universal (with switching lines + VI / O c 5V to 3,3 V). The keys are missing rows of contacts 12, 13 and 50, 51. For slots with 5V power key is located on the ground contacts 50, 51, to 3,3 V - 12, 13, and for the universal - the |
CD-ROM and its application
category: Computer Science
"CD-ROM and its application"
Writen by: Silin K.A. All rights reserved. In the early 80-ies Dutch firm "Philips" announced the improved its revoolyutsiey marzes zvukovosproizvdeniya. Its engineers invented what is now enjoys great popular - This laser discs and players. What is the most important an advantage of laser or CD? First an extraordinarily high quality sound privosproizvedenii laser fongramm. Because proigrovaniikompakt disc reader is lazeerny beam and, consequently, between him idiskom no mechanical contact, then completely absent extraneous noise, rustling and crackling svoystvennyeobychnym gramophone. The CD consists of three layers - core, made of pl |
Tires
category: Computer Science
Bus ISA (Industrial Standard Architecture) Bus, as is known, in itself, actually, a set of wires (lines), soedinyayuschiyrazlichnye components of the computer to supply power to them and share data. In the "minimum configuration" tire has three types of lines: line management; line addressing; data lines. Devices connected to the bus are divided into two main categories - bus masters and busslaves. Bus masters - a device that can control the bus, ie initiate read / write, etc. Bus slaves - respectively, devices that can only respond to requests. However, there is intelligent servant "(intelligent slaves), but we are still dlyayasnosti zamnem. Well, actually, and everything you n |
Ink jet printers
category: Computer Science
Inkjet printers.
While talk of "paperless" technology has been going on for quite some time, normal operation with the computer is still difficult to imagine without the use of printer. We will not, even briefly, to explain the history of its development. We confine ourselves to stating the fact that now the whole world without boundaries The printers are divided into several stable groups, each of which differs way of transferring to the paper. Method inkjet almost a hundred years. The emergence of new printhead a prerequisite for the further prosperity of the market with inkjet printers. How it all began. Although Lord Raleigh, Nobel laureate in physics, made his fundamental discoveries in the field of |
hard drives
category: Computer Science
Hard Drives
SMALL HISTORICAL In the world of microcomputers ect mainly to two Blu-ray: dickety (flexible discs) and zhectkie discs. But this is not vcegda was. The first microcomputers icpolzovali for zapici kaccetnye programs and data recorders. As a reminder this cohranilcya kaccetny Beycik IBM, zapicanny in ROM computer IBM PC. He zapuckaetcya, We value Your opinion does not boot uctanovite in dickovod cictemnuyu dicketu. Although c it can be quite ucpeshno work, an attempt cohranit program on discs will bezucpeshnoy - it needs pricoedinit to your computer kaccetny recorder. Connector for him nahoditcya on the back of the computer next to c connector for the keyboard. Ecli you never had a chance to witness the |
Video Adapter EGA, VGA
category: Computer Science
INTRODUCTION Originally personal computers IBM PC complexes Tov MDA with a monochrome display adapter dipleem. This adapter had a small resolving power, could not otorazhat graphics and a monochrome-nym. After some time, a small firm Hercules Computer Technology has released a monochrome display adapter Hercules, who had the opportunity to display graphics and had a higher definition CGA is the first color display adapter company IBM. He has already provided the opportunity otbrazhat colored graphs-ical and textual information, but had too little resolution. Then IBM released two most common current video adapter, EGA and VGA. They are created on another element base and are better than the CGA, the resolving power of a larger number of displayable color |
Description of family of processors ADSP
category: Computer Science
1. Scripture signal processor family ADSP 2100
? Family of processors ADSP-2100 is a set of programmable microprocessors with a common structure that is optimized for processing the analog signal into digital form, as well as for other application purposes. Different microcontrollers differ from each other mainly the type of peripherals that complement the main structure. In various members of the family can have memory, timer, serial and parallel ports. In addition, processors ADSP-21msp58/59 include an analog interface for converting audio frequency signal. 1.1. Functional modules Computational Units (computer module) - each processor ADSP-2100 family consists of three full-featured independent computational modules: arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) - arifm |
80386 processor
category: Computer Science
Contents
1.Vvedenie 2.Rezhimy processor 2.1.Realny mode 2.2.Zaschischenny mode 3.Tipy data 4.Registry 4.1.Registry general 4.2.Registr system flags 4.3.Registry segments 4.4.Registry control segmented memory 4.5.Ukazatel teams 4.6.Registry management 4.7.Registry debugging 4.8.Bufer translation lookaside 5.Sistema teams 5.1.Format teams 5.2.Opisanie designations 5.3.Spisok teams 1. Introduction MP 80386 released to the market with a unique advantage. He is the only 32-bit MP, for which the adequacy of existing application software written for earlier models of the MP 8086/88 to 80286. Any software written for these MPs can run on 80386 without a |
Pentium II
category: Computer Science
The most high-performance processor that combines the processing power PentiumR Pro with the possibilities of technology MMXT
Pentium II processor with a clock frequency of 266 MHz, according to the standard benchmarks (1), provides a performance boost from 1.6x to 2x when compared to the Pentium-200 MHz, and more than 2-fold when measured by the multimedia tests (2) As processor Pentium Pro, Pentium II processor uses a dual independent bus architecture, which increases throughput and performance Uses the new technology of buildings - toner Unilateral contact (Single Edge Contact - SEC) has been optimized to work with 32-bit applications and operating systems 32 KB (16K/16K) non-blocking cache, the first level. 512KB total non-blocking cache, the second |
ADC
category: Computer Science
CONTENTS
FORMULATION INTRODUCTION 1. STRUCTURAL PATTERN ADC 2. Buffer amplifier 3. Voltage reference 4. SCHEME LAUNCH 5. ADC KR1107PV2 6. KPA "MS ELECTRONICS 2702" 7. PROGRAM CONTROLLER CONCLUSION APPENDIX 1 ANNEX 2 APPENDIX 3 Bibliographic list TERMS OF REFERENCE Design of eight-speed ADCs to monitor the waveform taken from the PMT. Specific additional information: Input impedance 75 ohms Measured input amplitude of 0?-2B Measured times of 10? S to 1 mS Errors in the measurement of amplitude and time of no more than 5% INTRODUCTION |
adapter VGA. Organization and work
category: Computer Science
Contents
1. Introductory remarks 2. Basic display system 2.1. Pseudo-graphic 2.2. Raster Graphics 2.3. Graphics coprocessors 3. Adapters 3.1. MDA 3.2. CGA 3.3. EGA 3.4. VGA 4. Architecture adapter VGA 4.1. Cathode ray tube 4.2. Video memory 5. Registers adapter VGA 5.1. External registers 5.2 Registers synchronizer 5.3. Registers graphics controller 5.4. CRT Controller Registers 5.5. Attribute Controller Registers 5.6. Registers DAC 6. Literature Basic display system. Without the ability to see the results of its work, the personal computer would be a useless tool. Must be some way to monitor the signals of the computer syst |
Laser storage device
category: Computer Science
Contents
Vvedenie4 Formats and standards for optical media Structure and working principle A lot of formats, DVD Conclusion Literature Introduction In the early 80-ies the Dutch firm "Philips" has announced its perfect revolution in sound reproduction. Its engineers came up with something that now enjoys great popularity - that laser discs and players. What is the main advantage of laser or CD? First of all, it is extremely high sound quality when playing laser phonograms. Because when playing CD-ROM reader is a laser beam, and consequently, between it and the disc is no mechanical contact, the total lack of background noise, rustling and crackling are ordinary gramophone. Compact discs (CD) are u |
Development of a block of memory of microprocessor systems
category: Computer Science
EXPLANATORY NOTE.
1. Tasks for course design 2. Features of building blocks of memory 3. Description of the principles of the developed units. 3.1. Development of electrical circuits blocks of ROM and RAM. 3.2. Development selector address. 3.3. The timing diagram of the PSU. 4. Calculation of electrical parameters of block of memory. Graphical part. 1. Functional block diagram of memory. Literature EXPLANATORY NOTE. 1. Tasks for course design Develop a memory block of a microprocessor system, where: ROM size is 20K * 8, and is built on chips K556RT20 RAM is 10K * 8, and is built on chips K132RU9A series chips are used as decoders |
Answers to tickets for the CPA exam and STK in MESI
category: Computer Science
? 1. Major trends of computers (the composition and the ratio of hardware and software, speed, memory, intelligence)
There are three global field of computer application: 1. Automation calculations 2. The use of computers in automatic control systems. New direction required a change in the structure of classical von Neumann. It was necessary to further automate the collection and distribution of results. Computers are connected to the communication channels zaparalelevalis processes of information transmission and processing. Appeared mnogogoprogramnost, means to change the time, the system interrupts and priorities. 3. The use of computers for personal purposes, to simplify and reduce working time. 4. Solving problems of artificial intellig |
Features of Architecture PA-RISK company Hewlett-Packard
category: Computer Science
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING ARCHITECTURES 1.1 Main differences between CISC and RISC architectures The two main architectures of the instruction set used by the computer industry at the present stage of development of computer technology (in accordance with [2]) is the architecture of CISC and RISC. The founder of CISC-architecture can be regarded as, IBM, with its basic architecture / 360, whose core is used with 1964 and reached our days, such as in the modern mainframe as IBM ES/9000.Liderom in the development of microprocessors c complete instruction set (CISC -- Complete Instruction Set Computer) is a company with its series Intel x86 and Pentium. This architecture is a practical standard for the microcomputer market. For CISC-processor characteri |
Basic concepts of computer science
category: Computer Science
Basic concepts of informatics Most scientists today reject attempts to give a rigorous definition of information and believe that information should be considered as primary, indefinable concept, like many in mathematics. Some textbook authors propose the following definition of information: Information - this is knowledge or information about someone or something. Information - is information that can collect, store, transmit, process, use. Computer science - information science, or - the science of the structure and properties of information, - means for collecting, processing and transmission of information or - computer science, is studying the technology for collecting, storing and processing information, and the computer main tool in this technology. Information - from the Latin info
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Optical and magneto-optical disks
category: Computer Science
Contents
Introduction Principles MoD drive Scope Prospects Conclusions List of literature used Introduction The first optical laser discs appeared in 1972 and demonstrated great potential for storing information. Volumes of information stored on them allowed to use them to store huge amounts of data (such as databases, encyclopedias, collections of video and audio data). Easy replacement of these drives allowed, "to carry" all the materials required for work in any amount. Optical disks have very high reliability and durability, which allows their use for archival storage. But the laborious procedure for recording and dubbing failure severely restricts the use of optical di |
Operating systems
category: Computer Science
In the field of personal computers in 1987 crisis broke out. Features file system FAT, developed by Microsoft for ten years before for the interpreter Standalone Disk Basic and later adapted for the operating system, DOS, have been exhausted. FAT was designed for hard drive capacity of up to 32 MB, and the new higher-capacity HDD is completely useless for the users PC. Some independent suppliers offer their own ways of solving this problem, but only with the advent of DOS 4.0, this crisis has been overcome - for some time.
Significant changes in the structure of the file system to allow DOS 4.0 operating system to work with drives up to 128 MB;, subject to further minor amendments, this limit was raised to 2 GB. At that time it seemed that that amount of memory exceeds any conceivab |
Comparison POWER architecture with other RISC architectures.
category: Computer Science
Comparison POWER architecture with other RISC architectures. Arkad'ev Alexander, Butorin Mahmoud, gr. 339. Architecture POWER ?1. The evolution of architecture in the direction POWER architecture PowerPC ?2. PowerPC 601 ?3. Processor PowerPC 603 Description of the architecture and operating principles of a family of microprocessors PowerPC ?1. General ?2. Architecture and processor. ?2.1 The flow of commands. ?2.2 Queue commands and memory allocation. ?2.3 processing unit conversions. ?2.4 unit of command. ?2.5 Device performance. ?2.5.1 Device performance integer instructions (IU). ?2.5.2 Device execute commands with floating point (FPU) ?2.5.3 Boot Device / write (LSU). |
General Characteristics of MS-DOS
category: Computer Science
- 2 - Mironov 1. Operating and file systems of personal computers Any information machining program to include all the Chargers- etsya on a computer using software. Twas a computer in a single system. Comp- There are many different software programs is called Lex- programs, but they can be etsya operating system - OC divided into two groups. (Operating System - OS). One, the largest group - All programs operating this application programs. Each system for IBM-compatible PCs application uses, are stored on magnetic disks, Hsia to address one or bear-so the operating system on- How many tasks in a certain about-is called DOS (Disk Operating Lusty. System). The most common |
Countrys computer network
category: Computer Science
RUSSIA'S COMPUTER NETWORK.
INTRODUCTION. The word "Internet" a few years ago was known only to a narrow range Specialists in computer networks, but today it has been on the fringes of computer newspapers and magazines, often found in non-specialized publications and sounds broadcasts television and radio. What is attracting so much attention this global network, which has been linked with the development of a new phase in the information Revolution of the late twentieth century? First of all, virtually unlimited information dissemination, access to accumulated information resources and communication between users of computer networks in various countries world. The number of Internet users in the wor |
Software Internet
category: Computer Science
Ministry of Education
??????SOUTH - Russia State Technical ??????UNIVERSITY ??????(Novocherkassk Polytechnical Institute) ?????????????????Faculty: Information Technology and the Office ??????????????Chair: automation and remote ??????Specialty: Industrial Electronics ??????ABSTRACT ??????INFORMATICS ??????On topic: SOFTWARE INTERNET ???????????????????He performed the student I - 1b Dzhumaylov ??????AN ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????course, group ????????????????????????name, and. about. ????????????????????Chief Assistant Professor, Ph. D.. Malashenko ??????AG ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????position, title ??????????? |
Av?? omatizatsiya
category: Computer Science
Introduction
Humanity is at all times sought to alleviate not only your physical labor, and intellectual activities, including math and computational processes, constantly running man at home, in the course of economic activity. Mechanical means for counting and calculations were known in the distant past. Thus, the first arithmetical machine appeared in 1642, invented by French mathematician Blaise Pascal, for it effectively enough to perform operations of addition and subtraction. Ability to perform multiplication and division of the mechanical machine has been proven mathematician Leibniz in 1672, and in 1693 he built his computing machine and demonstrated it at the Paris Academy of Sciences. Even more successful arithmetic car built in 1774 the inventor of th |
Local network
category: Computer Science
C O D E R M A N I E.
Part 1. Introduction. Part 2. 2. 1. Determination of local networks and their main characteristics. 2. 2. Classification of data transmission protocols. 2. 3. Choice of indicators to measure BPA in LS. Part 3. 3. 1. Systems without priorities. 3. 1. 1. Multiplex time division (TDM), or a slot. 3. 1. 2. Insert the register. 3. 1. 3. System with control carrier (with collisions). 3. 1. 4. Transfer of the marker. 3. 2. Priority system. 3. 2. 1. Priority slot system. 3. 2. 2. Systems with control carrier (without collisions). 3. 2. 3. Systems with a token-passing (priority). 3. 2. 4. Priority marker ring. 3. 2. 5. Marker bus (with priority). |
Intranet network
category: Computer Science
CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2. Networking and internetworking protocols 3. Protocols TCP / IP 4. Messaging network 5. Working with files in LAN 6. Viruses on the network 7. References 1. Introduction The accumulated experience of operating large computer networks such as ARPANET and TELENET, shows that about 80% of the total generated in such networks, information is only used in the same office, which it generates, ie much of the network information is intended only to local consumers. Therefore, in the last 10-15 years have made special class of computer networks - local area network (LAN) that best combines simplicity and reliability, high-speed transmission and a large set of functions implemented < |
Fundamentals of local computer networks
category: Computer Science
Introduction.
Today the world has more than 130 million computers and over 80% of them are combined in various information and computer networks from small local area networks in offices to global networks such as Internet. Global trend towards consolidation of computers in the network due to a number of important causes, such as the acceleration of information transmission, the possibility of rapid exchange of information between users, receiving and sending messages (fax, E - Mail letters and other things) without departing from the workplace, the ability to instantly obtain any information from anywhere in the world, as well as exchange of information between computers of different manufacturers running different software. Such great potential, which carries a compu |
Multimedia on IP
category: Computer Science
The continuing growth of the Internet and private networks imposes new demands on bandwidth. World Wide Web has led to a gigantic increase in traffic graphic information. Today, more and voice and video applications put forward its own specific demands on the already overloaded networks.
To meet all these demands, one to increase network capacity is not enough. What is really needed is a reasonably effective methods of traffic management and congestion control. Historically, network-based IP provides all the applications only simple services to deliver data to the extent possible. However, the needs have changed over time. Organizations have spent millions of dollars to install an IP-based network for data transmission between local area networks now face the fact that such c |
Communication functions in Windows for workgroups
category: Computer Science
GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE PROGRAM
New version 3.11 program Microsoft Windows for Workgroups (hereinafter WFWG) is considered the most successful universal version of the well-known and popular operating environment. The main difference from the normal version of Microsoft Windows is that in the software package integrated network drivers, can be used not only in separately costing PCs, but also in the network. In addition, the operating environment includes several new programs that significantly changed the File Manager - one of the weaknesses of previous versions, expanded and built spooler fax. The name of the program "The operating environment for the working groups" means that the program is designed to work on multiple PCs, with equal users, united in working group |